PTSD

I. Intrusive memories

Intrusive memories include:

• Distressing dreams
• Recurrent, unwanted distressing memories of the traumatic event
• Flashbacks of the traumatic event
• Severe emotional distress or physical reactions to something that may remind one of the traumatic event

II. Avoidance

Some people could find it difficult to discuss the traumatic experience or their feelings about it. One way to prevent yourself from being reminded of the traumatic experience is to stay away from people, places, activities, things, and circumstances that trigger painful memories.

III. Negative thoughts and feelings:

Symptoms of negative changes in thoughts and feelings may include:

• Feeling emotionally numb
• Lack of interest in activities the person once enjoyed
• Difficulty maintaining close relationships
• Memory problems
• Hopelessness about the future
• Negative thoughts about oneself, other people, or the world

IV. Physical and emotional reactions

Arousal symptoms, which are signs of both physical and emotional reactions, can include the following:

• Trouble concentrating
• Overwhelming guilt or shame
• Self-destructive behavior
• Trouble sleeping
• Always being on guard for danger
• Being easily startled or frightened

Causes

A stressful experience involving a real or threatened death, major injury, or sexual violation can cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Like most mental health issues, the exact origin of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unknown, however it can be brought on by a complex combination of:

• Stressful experiences
• Inherited mental health risks
• Inherited features of the person’s personality
• The way the person’s brain regulates the chemicals and hormones that the body releases in response to stress